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Nova Scotia Safety Standard for Elevating Devices
for the Physically Disabled Regulations

made under Section 25 of the
Elevators and Lifts Act
R.S.N.S. 1989, c. 143
O.I.C. 81-377 (March 17, 1981), N.S. Reg. 33/81

Table of Contents

1 General

1.1 Scope

1.1.1 This standard specifies minimum safety rules related to the design, construction, installation, operation, inspection and testing of elevating devices which are to be specifically used by physically disabled persons travelling between fixed points of a building or structure, with a view to safeguarding against risk of accidents associated with the operation of such equipment.

1.1.2 Elevating devices for the physically disabled covered in this standard are as follows:

(a) vertical platform lifts - type C

(b) vertical platform lifts - type D

(c) stairchair lifts

(d) stair-platform lifts - type C

(e) stair-platform lifts - type D

Note: Restrictions with regard to the location access to and usage of the elevating devices for the physically disabled will be regulated by the authorities having jurisdiction.

1.1.3 Drawings and specifications submitted under this standard shall bear the signature and seal of a professional engineer of the appropriate discipline.

1.1.3.1 Special attention shall be paid to the execution of all the work governed by this standard.

1.1.3.2 Work badly arranged or poorly executed will not be approved.

1.1.3.3 Exceptions: Deviations from the requirements of this standard in cases of practical difficulty, novel design or unnecessary hardship shall be made only with the written permission of the authorities having jurisdiction.

1.2 Definitions

In this standard, the following definitions apply:

1.2.1 Brake: an electromechanical mechanism employed to bring the lift to rest smoothly and hold it in position.

1.2.2 Carriage (load-carrying unit): that whole moving part of the lift designed, in the form of a chair or platform, to carry a user or users.

1.2.3 Chain: a simplex or duplex transmission chain that, if used as part of a drive system, either transmits rotary motion from one shaft to another or transmits motion directly to the carriage.

1.2.4 Chain sprocket: a wheel having machine-cut teeth specially designed to engage with a chain.

1.2.5 Controller: an assembly of electrical contactors, relays and/or other components, constituting the electrical control equipment for the lift.

1.2.6 Drive: a generic term covering the various electromechanical drive unit arrangements that cause the carriage to move under electrical power input.

1.2.7 Drive unit: the complete assembly of an electric motor, brake and gearing or hydraulic system, which supplies the power for the movement of the carriage.

1.2.8 Final terminal stopping device: a terminal electrical switch or similar stopping device positively and mechanically operated by the carriage, which causes the power to be removed from the drive unit, independent of the functioning of the normal terminal landing stopping device, after the carriage has passed a terminal landing.

1.2.9 Footrest or foot-supporting platform: a platform or bracket of adequate strength, so designed that the user is able to stand on it or use it as a footrest in complete safety either during movement of the stairchair lift or when it comes to rest.

1.2.10 Guard: a substantially constructed protective cover designed to enclose, so as to prevent accidental contact with a potential hazard.

1.2.11 Guide rails: metal members formed into a suitable section or arrangement to retain and guide the carriage during its motion in the course of its travel over the stairway or ramp.

1.2.12 Physically disabled: a person who has limited mobility.

1.2.13 Hydraulic drive (system): a machine in which the energy is applied by means of a fluid under pressure in a cylinder equipped with a plunger or piston.

1.2.14 Lift: a generic term covering all classes of special elevating devices for the physically disabled as listed in clause 1.1.2.

1.2.15 Load-carrying unit: see carriage.

1.2.16 Nut, driving: an internally threaded component that acts in conjunction with a screw to produce linear motion of the carriage; i.e., a rotating screw engaged with a fixed nut, or vice versa.

1.2.17 Pinion: a wheel, having machine-cut teeth specially designed to engage with those of similar toothed wheels or racks, used to transmit relation motion.

1.2.18 Platform: a flat or substantially horizontal structure that is part of the carriage and that supports user or users.

Platform, standing: a platform designed to accommodate and support one standing physically disabled person or one such person and an attendant.

Platform, wheelchair: a platform designed to accommodate and support only one physically disabled person sitting in a wheelchair.

Platform, wheelchair and attendant: a platform designed to accommodate and support one physically disabled person sitting in a wheelchair, or standing on the platform, accompanied by an attendant.

1.2.19 Rack: a metal or plastic strip in which have been cut or moulded specially shaped teeth with which a pinion may engage and form a positive driving means converting rotary motion into linear motion.

1.2.20 Ramp: a structure or structural member providing an inclined surface connecting one level with another.

1.2.21 Rated load: the load which a lift is designed and installed to lift at the rated speed.

1.2.22 Rated speed: the speed in [the] up direction with rated load on the carriage, at which a lift is designed to operate.

1.2.23 Runway: the space within which the carriage of a lift moves.

1.2.24 Safety device: a mechanical device attached to the carriage to stop and sustain the carriage on the guide rails or otherwise, in the event of suspension or drive failure.

1.2.25 Screw, driving: an externally threaded driving component that acts in conjunction with a driving nut.

1.2.26 Sensitive edge: a safety device attached to any edge of the carriage to obviate a hazard.

1.2.27 Sensitive surface: a safety device similar in effect to a sensitive edge but so arranged to protect a whole surface, such as the underside of a platform or other large area.

1.2.28 Stairlift: an elevating device which is non-portable, permanently installed, for transporting physically disabled persons between two or more levels by means of a guided carriage moving substantially in the direction of a flight of stairs or ramp at a mean angle of not more than 45o, and which is restricted as to use, access, speed, travel and type of operating devices.

1.2.29 Stairchair lift: a stairlift equipped with a carriage (load-carrying unit) in the form of one or two attached chairs.

1.2.30 Stair platform lift: a stairlift equipped with a carriage (load-carrying unit) in the form of a platform.

Stair platform lift - type C: a stair platform lift where the runway is guarded so as to physically prevent the access to it.

Stair platform lift - type D: a stair platform lift where the runway is not guarded.

1.2.31 Toothed belt: a flexible continuous belt having teeth formed in one or other of its surfaces and designed to engage with specially cut or moulded teeth in wheels attached to separate shafts in order to provide a drive between the two.

1.2.32 Travel: the vertical distance between the bottom and top limits of travel (see clause 2.2.3).

1.2.33 User: The person using the lift.

1.2.34 Vertical platform lift: an elevating device which is non-portable, permanently installed for transporting physically disabled persons on a platform that moves vertically between the permanent levels, and which is restricted as to access, use, speed, travel and type of operating device.

Vertical platform lift - type C: a vertical platform lift having a fully enclosed runway.

Vertical platform lift - type D: a vertical platform lift having a partially enclosed or non-enclosed runway.

2 Design requirements and limitations

2.1 Design considerations

The whole lift and its components shall be designed in accordance with good engineering practice and shall be constructed with materials free from patent defects, of adequate strength and suitable quality.

2.1.1 Protection against hazards: protection against all of the following possible hazards shall be incorporated including but so as not to limit the generality of the foregoing:

(a) shearing, crushing, trapping or abrading;

(b) falling;

(c) physical shock;

(d) electrical shock;

(e) fire, attributable to use of the lift.

2.1.2 Protection against falling from the platform: except on a type C vertical platform lift, on each lift equipped with a platform, when travel exceeds 500 mm, the hazard of falling from the platform, when it is located at a landing other than bottom landing, shall be minimized by providing doors or gates with keyed locks (in addition to the locks and contacts per clause 3.2.4 or 3.2.5) and also by equipping the platform on its lower landing side with a gate conforming to clause 5.7.4.

2.1.3 Obstructions:

(a) when considering the location of a lift, obstructions anywhere in the runway shall be avoided or removed;

(b) any potential trapping areas such as open banisters or recesses shall be made flush and smooth or otherwise protected (see clause 3.7);

(c) all projections, in excess of 30 mm into the runway, within

(i) 600 mm, if the lift is equipped with a standing platform or wheelchair-and-attendant platform (per clauses 5.5 and 5.7),

(ii) 300 mm, if the lift is equipped with a wheelchair platform or chair carriage (per clauses 5.4 and 5.6) to the adjacent side of the load-carrying unit, shall be bevelled at 75o to the line of travel (see clause 5.3.2).

2.1.4 Vertical clearance:

(a) vertical clearance on any landing used for access to a lift shall be not less than 2000 mm;

(b) vertical clearance from the surface of the platform of a lift at any position other than at landings shall be not less than

(i) 1500 mm for a stair-platform lift equipped with a wheelchair platform, and

(ii) 2000 mm for any other lift.

2.2 Travel and landings

2.2.1 Travel: the travel of a vertical platform lift shall not exceed the following maxima:

(a) type D - 2500 mm;

(b) type C - 7000 mm.

2.2.2 Floor penetration: a vertical platform lift - type D must not penetrate any floor.

2.2.3 Limits of travel:

(a) for a vertical-platform lift

(i) the upper normal limit of travel of the platform shall be where the surface of the platform is level with the top landing (see also clause 3.3.2 for mechanical limits),

(ii) the bottom normal limit of travel of the platform shall be where the surface of the platform is level with the bottom landing, except for a type D vertical platform lift to which the following subclause (b) may be applicable (see also clause 3.3.2 for mechanical limits);

(b) for a stair lift, the surface of the platform or the footrest platform need not be level with terminal landings, provided that applicable requirements for clearances at landings in Section 5 are fulfilled. Limits of travel shall be normal positions of the platform or footrest platform at terminal landings.

2.2.4 Intermediate landings:

(a) any lift, except a vertical platform lift - type D, may serve one or more intermediate landings;

(b) vertical platform lift - type D shall serve two terminal landings only.

2.2.5 Inclination:

The mean angle of inclination of a stairlift shall not be more than 45o.

2.3 Rated speed

2.3.1 The rated speed of the load-carrying unit shall not exceed 0.15 m/s.

2.4 Permitted types of carriages

2.4.1 A vertical platform lift - type C or D and a stair-platform lift - type C or D may be equipped with the following types of load-carrying units (see Section 5):

(a) standing platform;

(b) wheelchair platform;

(c) wheelchair-and-attendant platform;

(d) special adaptation.

2.4.2 A stair-chair lift may be equipped with a load-carrying unit in the form of one or two attached chairs (see clause 5.4).

2.5 Capacity, rated load

2.5.1 A lift may be designed in accordance with the capacities and rated loads outlined in Schedule "A" to this standard depending on the type of the carriage and subject to clause 2.5.2.

2.5.2 Where the weight of a wheelchair is expected to exceed 70 kg, the minimum rated load of the platform, designed to carry the wheelchair, shall be increased accordingly.

2.6 Safety factor

2.6.1 Unless stated otherwise in this standard, there shall be a safety factor of not less than 5 for all parts of the equipment.

2.6.2 Safety factors shall be calculated as a ratio of the ultimate strength of the material to the maximum force imposed on it.

2.7 Welding

2.7.1 All structural welding shall be performed in accordance with applicable CSA Standards.

2.8 Lighting

2.8.1 Provision shall be made to allow at least 50 lux illumination at the drive unit, load-carrying unit and landings.

2.8.2 Type C vertical platform lifts shall be provided with emergency lighting.

3 Runway

3.1 Runway enclosures

3.1.1 Where required:

(a) Each Type C vertical platform lift shall have fully enclosed runway conforming to clause 3.1.2 equipped with landing doors conforming to clause 3.2, except that

(i) the top landing may be partially enclosed conforming to clause 3.1.3,

(ii) a platform gate, conforming to clause 3.2, may be substituted for the lower entrance gate or door, when an apron guard (solid or roller type), conforming to clause 3.1.2(b) is provided, to entirely close the opening below the raised platform, provided that the clearance between the apron guard and lower entrance sill does not exceed 15 mm.

(b) Each Type D vertical platform lift shall have a solid runway facia wall between the bottom landing floor and the top landing sill, which shall be constructed to conform to clause 3.1.2. Where the travel of the lift exceeds 500 mm, the entrance from the top landing to the platform shall be equipped with a gate conforming to clause 3.2.

(c) Each Type C stair platform lift shall have its runway guarded with an enclosure conforming to clause 3.1.3 and equipped with landing gates conforming to clause 3.2.

3.1.2 General requirements for runway enclosure: enclosures, where provided, shall be

(a) solid, with smooth interior surfaces (see also clause 5.3.2);

(b) so constructed that it will not deflect more than 13 mm when a concentrated force of 450 N is applied at the centre of any panel;

(c) so constructed that no part of the upper edge of the runway enclosure is located lower than the corresponding and adjacent upper edge of the platform enclosure when the platform is at any position in its travel.

3.1.3 Partial runway enclosure: where a partial runway enclosure is permitted, it shall

(a) be minimum 1070 mm in height measured from any point outside of runway area which may be used for foot traffic, unless otherwise required by clause 3.1.2(c);

(b) conform with clause 3.1.2.

3.2 Landing doors and gates

3.2.1 General: each landing door or gate shall be

(a) self-closing, requiring a maximum pressure of 40 N to open;

(b) solid, except that a gate at the top terminal landing may be perforated rejecting a 100 mm ball;

(c) provided with an interlock conforming to clause 3.2.4, except that the landing door or gate of

(i) a vertical platform lift type C, provided that the sill of that door or gate is not more than 2.5 m above the bottom landing door sill,

(ii) any vertical platform lift type D, and

(iii) any stair platform lift

may be provided with a combination mechanical lock and electric contact conforming to clause 3.2.5; and

(d) where the gate is made of non-transparent material and is over 1070 mm in height, it shall be provided with a vision panel which

(i) is not less than 75 mm in width,

(ii) is maximized in height, consistent with the door or gate design, and

(iii) has the bottom located not more than 900 mm above the floor level.

3.2.2 Door Each landing door shall be minimum 2000 mm in height.

3.2.3 Gate Each landing gate shall be minimum 1070 mm in height.

3.2.4 Door or gate interlock

(a) The door or gate interlocks shall perform two related and interdependent functions, which are:

(i) to prevent the operation of the driving machine by the normal operating device, unless the landing door or gate is locked in the closed position (subject to subclause (d)), and

(ii) to prevent the opening of the landing door or gate from the landing side unless the platform is within 50 mm and is either stopped or being stopped.

(b) Interlock contacts shall be positively opened by the locking member connected to and mechanically operated by the locking member and the contacts shall be maintained in the open position by the action of gravity or by a restrained compression spring, or by both, or by means of the opening member.

(c) The interlock shall hold the door or gate in the locked position by means of gravity or by a restrained compression spring or by both, or by means of a positive linkage.

(d) The interlock shall lock the door or gate in the closed position before the driving machine can be operated, except that the driving machine may be operated when the door or gate is closed but not locked and only while the platform is within 50 mm from the landing.

(e) Interlocks shall be so located that they are not accessible from the landing side when the hoistway door or gate is closed but not readily accessible from inside the platform.

3.2.5 Door or gate combination mechanical locks and electrical contracts

(a) The door or gate combination mechanical locks and electric contacts shall perform two related, but not necessarily interdependent, functions which are:

(i) to prevent operation of the driving machine by the normal operating device, unless the landing door or gate is in the closed position, and

(ii) to lock the landing door or gate in the closed position and prevent it from being opened from the landing side unless the platform is within 50 mm from the landing.

(b) Combination mechanical locks and electric contacts shall

(i) be so designed that the locking member and the electric contact are mounted on, and attached to, a common base in such a manner that there is a fixed relation between the location of the contact and the location of the locking member,

(ii) be so installed and adjusted that the electric contact cannot close until the door or gate is in the closed position, and until the locking member is in a position to lock the door or gate,

(iii) be provided with multiple locking points on the locking mechanism, where necessary, in order to prevent motion of the door or gate from opening the electric contact while the door gate is locked in the closed position.

(c) The electric contact shall be positively opened by the locking bar of the mechanical lock or be a lever or other device attached to and operated by the door or gate, and the contact shall be maintained in the open position by the action of gravity or be a restrained compression spring, or both, or by positive mechanical means.

(d) The mechanical lock shall hold the door or gate in the locked position by means of gravity or by a restrained compression spring, or by both.

(e) The mechanical locks and electric contacts shall not be accessible from the landing side when the doors or gates are closed, and not readily accessible from inside the platform.

(f) The electric contact, while in open position, shall fulfil the requirements of clause 6.5.7.

3.3 Mechanical limits

3.3.1 All lifts: mechanical limits shall be provided at the top and bottom end of travel, which will mechanically stop the carriage and prevent guiding members, if provided, from travelling beyond ends of the guide rails.

3.3.2 Vertical platform lifts: the mechanical limits on a vertical platform lift shall not exceed the normal limits of travel (see clause 2.2.3) by more than 50 mm.

3.4 Runway pit

3.4.1 Vertical platform lifts: where a platform of a vertical platform lift, when resting on its bottom mechanical limits, does not have an under-platform clearance of 600 mm minimum, the structure shall incorporate a device which, when appropriately positioned during maintenance will mechanically prevent the platform from descending closer than 600 mm to the pit floor.

3.4.2 Stair platform lifts: on a stair platform lift a device conforming to clause 3.4.1 shall be required only where a pit at the bottom of the runway is provided. Where the bottom of the runway is level with the bottom landing, such a device is not required.

3.5 Horizontal clearances

3.5.1 Vertical platform lifts: horizontal clearances on a vertical platform lift shall be:

(a) access edge of the platform to the inner surface of the runway enclosure, where the enclosure is provided, including runway door or gate - maximum 15 mm (for type D vertical platform lifts, see also clauses 5.5.5 and 5.6.5);

(b) access edge of the platform to the vision panel on the runway door or gate (see clause 3.2.1(d)) - maximum 20 mm;

(c) (i) for type C vertical platform lift maximum 100 mm unless the platform enclosure conforms to clause 5.3.2(a) (see clause 5.2.3(b) for minimum clearance),

(ii) for type D vertical platform lift - to conform with clauses 2.1.3(c) and 5.2.3(b).

3.5.2 Stairlifts: horizontal clearances on a stairlift shall fulfil applicable requirements in Section 5 and also clauses 2.1.3(c) and 5.2.3(b).

3.6 Guide rails

3.6.1 Guide rails shall be used to retain and guide the carriage of

(i) every stairlift throughout its travel whether the travel is horizontal or inclined, straight or curved,

(ii) every vertical platform lift where the clearances required in this standard cannot positively be maintained otherwise.

3.6.2 The strength of the guide rails, their attachments and joints shall be sufficient to withstand, without permanent deformation, the maximum forces likely to be imposed during normal usage of the stairlift, and also the additional forces imposed by operation of the safety device.

3.7 Stairlift guards at ceiling intersections

3.7.1 Unless the shear hazard is minimized otherwise, a solid guard shall be provided in the intersecting angle of the stairway or the runway and the ceiling or soffit where a stairlift penetrates a floor and where the penetrated ceiling of soffit is less than the following distance from any edge of the chair or platform:

(a) 600 mm, if the lift is equipped with a standing platform or wheelchair and attendant platform (per clauses 5.5 and 5.7), or

(b) 300 mm, if the lift is equipped with a wheelchair platform or chair carriage (per clause 5.4 or 5.6).

3.8 Toeboards

Toeboards which are a minimum of 125 mm in height shall be provided.

4 Driving unit

4.1 Types of drives

4.1.1 Several methods of driving the carriage are permissible but each of these is subject to certain limitations.

The following are types of drives that may be approved by the authority having jurisdiction but the listing is not intended to prohibit the consideration of other approved devices:

(a) suspension rope and drum (see clause 4.3);

(b) rack and pinion (see clause 4.4);

(c) chain and chain sprocket (see clause 4.5);

(d) screw and nut (see clause 4.6);

(e) hydraulic systems (see clause 4.7);

(f) rope chain and rope sprocket (see clause 4.8).

4.2 General requirements for all driving units

4.2.1 General: all types of drive, except hydraulic, shall be powered in both directions.

4.2.2 Gearing:

(a) The safety factor used in the design of geared drive units shall be based on the static load (rated load, weight of the platform, ropes, counterweight, etc.) imposed on the driving mechanism and shall be not less than

(i) 8 for steel, bronze, or for other metals having elongation of at least 14% in a length of 51 mm,

(ii) 10 for cast-iron, or for other metal having an elongation of less than 14% in a length of 51 mm.

(b) Friction gearing mechanisms (i.e., drives depending on friction between the surfaces of adjacent pulleys or friction clutches) shall not be used for connecting the main driving unit to the drum, pinion, chain sprocket nut or other final output component.

(c) Gearing having cast-iron teeth shall not be used.

(d) If chain-toothed belt or v-belt drives are used, a device shall be provided to cut off power to the motor and cause the brake to operate if either the chain or belt slackens or breaks (see clause 6.5.5), unless the conditions described in clause 4.2.3(c) exist.

(e) Shafts which support drums, sheaves, gears, couplings and other members and which transmit torque shall be provided with tight fitting keys.

4.2.3 Driving machine brakes:

(a) Each driving unit shall be provided with means of braking capable of bringing the platform, loaded with 125% rated load, smoothly to stop within a distance of 50 mm and holding it firmly in position.

(b) Where the braking means is provided in the form of an electromechanical brake, the brake shall conform to the following:

(i) the brake shall be, and remain, mechanically applied until electrically released,

(ii) the brake shall operate through positive gearing to stop the final output shaft,

(iii) when springs are used to apply the brake shoes, such springs shall be in compression and adequately supported,

(iv) the brake shall not be released in normal operation unless power is simultaneously applied to the drive motor,

(v) a single ground fault, short circuit or residual magnetism shall not prevent the brake from being applied when the electrical supply to the drive motor is interrupted.

(c) Where the driving unit incorporates a self-locking gear (e.g. wormgear, screw and nut system) which will fulfil the requirements of (a) above, no additional braking means is required.

4.2.4 Moving of the carriage in case of emergency

(a) Where, in an emergency situation (e.g. power failure) the carriage may be stranded in such a position that the user, in order to dismount the carriage, would have to traverse a vertical or horizontal distance of more than 300 mm, a device shall be provided to allow the carriage to be moved in the emergency situation and the device shall not be accessible from inside the carriage.

(b) If a hand-winding wheel is provided, it shall be smooth and spokeless.

(c) A notice outlining hand-moving procedure, detailed in step-by-step instructions, shall be posted alongside the hand-moving actuation point. The instructions shall state that the power supply must be switched off and that the carriage must be under constant surveillance whilst moved by hand.

(d) A direction label, showing the direction of carriage movement, shall be displayed in a prominent position on the device for handmoving the carriage.

(e) Where the resisting torque of the brake is too great to be overcome by emergency hand winding, there shall be provided means of releasing the brake such as to ensure that the lowering is under control. Free fall conditions shall not be possible under any circumstances. A toggle, or other device, which could be left in a locked position, thereby preventing automatic brake resetting with the return of power to the motor, shall not be used to hold off the brake.

4.2.5 Alignment: each gearing, brake and motor shall be mounted and assembled so that proper alignment is maintained under all normal working conditions.

4.2.6 Driving unit enclosure: unless otherwise made inaccessible, the drive unit shall be enclosed and access shall be provided through a panel or door, which shall normally be locked.

4.3 Suspension rope, drum drive and sheaves

4.3.1 Application: this type of drive is applicable to vertical platform lifts and also to stair lifts in cases where the rails are inclined at such an angle that, when driven in the down direction, the platform will descend under the effect of gravity, keeping the suspension rope in tension.

4.3.2 Suspension rope:

(a) Where the platform of a vertical platform lift is suspended by ropes, there shall be a minimum of two ropes.

(b) The safety factor of the rope shall be not less than 7.6 based upon the load imposed in raising the fully loaded carriage. The minimum breaking load of the rope shall be not less than 7.85 kN.

(c) The suspension rope shall have a diameter not less than 6.2 mm if elevator rope is used, and not less than 3 mm if aircraft rope is used, and be constructed in accordance with applicable CSA standards.

4.3.3 Winding drum:

(a) Winding drums shall be of aluminum alloy, cast-iron or steel. The grooves shall be smoothly finished with rounded edges. The bottom of the rope groove shall be a circular arc over an angle of not less than 120o. The radius of the grooving shall be not less than 5% in excess of, nor more than 7.5% in excess of, the nominal radius of the suspension rope. The grooves shall be pitched so that there is adequate clearance between adjacent turns of the rope on the drum and also between any part of rope leading onto the drum and the adjacent turn. Drum grooves shall have a depth not less than one-third of the nominal diameter of the rope.

(b) The diameter of the drum shall be not less than 24 times the nominal rope diameter. There shall be not less than 1.5 dead turns of rope on the drum when the carriage is at its lowest point.

(c) The drum flanges shall project by not less than 2 rope diameters beyond the outer layer of rope when the drum is full.

4.3.4 Sheaves:

(a) Sheaves shall be of cast-iron or steel. The grooves shall be smoothly finished with rounded edges. The bottom of the grooves shall have the same profile as for drum grooving but the depth of the groove shall be not less than 1 times the nominal diameter of the rope.

(b) The diameter of sheaves, measured at the bottom of the groove, shall be not less than 24 times the nominal rope diameter.

4.3.5 Protection and guarding: drums and, if necessary, sheaves shall be guarded so as to ensure that the lift cannot function unless the rope is retained in the grooving under all circumstances and to ensure that trapping between rope and drum or sheaves cannot occur. Ropes themselves shall also be guarded if their alignment is such as to create a hazard (see also clause 6.5.5).

4.4 Rack and pinion drive

4.4.1 Application: this type of positive drive is particularly applicable to stair lifts that are required to negotiate curves and/or changes in inclination.

4.4.2 Driving pinion: the driving pinion shall be machined from an alloy steel with high impact strength, shall be designed to resist wear and shall have a safety factor of not less than 10. Undercutting of the gear teeth shall be avoided by using an adequate number of teeth.

4.4.3 Racks:

(a) The racks shall be made from material having properties matching those of the pinion in wear and impact strength and shall possess an equivalent safety factor.

(b) The racks shall be securely attached to the rails particularly at their ends, and means shall be provided to maintain the pinion and rack constantly in accurate mesh under all conditions of load. Any joints in the rack shall be accurately and positively aligned to avoid faulty meshing or damage to teeth; the ends of each section of rack shall also be securely attached to the rails.

4.4.4 Guarding: guards shall be provided to prevent trapping hazards between the rack and pinion, and any other part.

4.5 Chain and chain sprocket drive

4.5.1 Application: this type of drive is an alternative to suspension rope drive (see clause 4.3.1) but it is considered suitable only for straight runways (see clause 4.5.4).

4.5.2 Chain sprockets: all chain sprockets shall be made from steel and have a minimum of 16 machine-cut teeth. A minimum of eight teeth shall be in engagement with the chain.

4.5.3 Chains:

(a) Where the platform of a vertical platform lift is suspended by roller chains, there shall be a minimum of two chains.

(b) All chains shall comply with the requirements of ANSI Standard B29.1, Transmission Roller Chains and Sprockets. The safety factor of the chain(s) shall not be less than 10, based upon the load imposed in raising the fully loaded carriage. The minimum breaking load of the chain shall not be less than 7.85 kN.

(c) Connecting links shall have a strength not less than that of the chain.

(d) Each chain shall be so installed that it lies in one plane throughout its entire length.

4.5.4 Protection and guarding:

(a) Means shall be provided to avoid jamming owing to misfeeding or slackening of the chains and to prevent the chain from leaving the chain sprockets or riding over the teeth of the chain sprockets.

(b) Guards shall be provided to prevent trapping hazards between chain sprockets and chain or chain and any other part, where such hazard exists.

4.6 Screw and nut drive

4.6.1 Application: this type of drive is suitable for straight runways.

4.6.2 Screw: the screw shall be machined from steel with an adequate impact strength, shall be designed to resist wear and shall have a safety factor of not less than 10.

4.6.3 Nut: the nut shall be made from a material compatible with the screw with respect to wear and impact strength, and shall possess an equivalent safety factor.

4.6.4 Screw/nut assembly: the drive to the rotating component shall be directly controlled by a brake. The rotating component shall be restrained against axial or radial movement by means of adequately supported anti-friction bearings.

4.6.5 Guarding: means shall be provided to guard effectively all moving parts and to minimize the fouling of the screw threads with dirt or other foreign matter.

4.7 Hydraulic drive

4.7.1 Application: this type of drive is particularly suitable for vertical platform lifts.

4.7.2 Pressure gauge: a pressure gauge fitting with an isolating valve shall be provided.

4.7.3 Speed limiting devices: speed in [the] down direction shall be limited to 125% of rated speed by means of

(a) flow-control device at the cylinder, or

(b) flow-control device at the pump unit in which case at least schedule 40 pipes shall be used in oil feed lines.

4.7.4 Relief valve: a relief valve shall be provided, set at a maximum of 125 percent of the normal working pressure, with a full bore release designed to arrest pressure build-up beyond 10 percent of the excess.

4.7.5 Anti-creep device: a device shall be provided which will automatically relevel the platform if creep of more than 50 mm occurs.

4.7.6 Additional requirements: the requirements of clause 4.19 of CSA Standard B44/75 shall be fulfilled.

4.8 Rope chain and rope sprocket

4.8.1 Application: this type of drive is particularly applicable to stairlifts that are required to negotiate curves and/or changes in inclination.

4.8.2 Wire rope:

(a) The wire rope shall have a steel core to allow the "chain" segments to be crimped on.

(b) The safety factor of the rope shall not be less than 7.6, based on the load imposed in raising the fully loaded carriage.

(c) The wire rope shall conform to the requirements of clause 4.3.2(c).

4.8.3 Rope sprocket:

(a) The groove diameter of the rope sprocket shall not be less than 24 times the nominal diameter of the rope.

(b) The sprocket flanges shall project by not less than 2 rope diameters beyond the turn of the rope on the sprocket.

(c) Sprockets shall be fixed to the driving unit shaft according to clause 4.2.2(e).

(d) The rope chain shall be guided onto the rope sprocket.

4.8.4 Protection and guarding: A slack rope protective switch shall be provided.

5 Carriage (passenger carrying unit)

5.1 Types of carriage

Various forms of carriage are permissible for conveying the intended user, depending upon individual needs and the lift type (see also clause 2.5.1). The board classifications are as follows:

(a) chair carriage (clauses 5.2 and 5.4);

(b) standing platform (clauses 5.2, 5.3 and 5.5);

(c) wheelchair platform (clauses 5.2, 5.3 and 5.6);

(d) wheelchair-and-attendant platform (clauses 5.2, 5.3 and 5.7);

(e) special adaptation (clauses 5.2, 5.3 and 5.8).

5.2 General requirements for all carriages

5.2.1 Construction: The carriage (passenger carrying unit) shall consist of a mobile carriage designed to form a rigid and safe conveyance for the appropriate rated load, which is retained, supported and, where required, guided by rails, upon which a chair, platform or other purpose-made adaptation to carry the user is supported and rigidly attached.

5.2.2 Suspension-means attachments: the strength of attachments for suspension ropes or chains to the carriage shall be greater than 80% of the strength of the rope or the chain attached thereby.

5.2.3 Protection on carriages:

(a) In general, protection shall be provided against the hazards listed in clause 2.1.1.

(b) Any part or edge of the carriage that could possibly be used as a supporting handhold, shall have the clearance of not less than 50 mm from any part of the fixed installation to prevent the hand being trapped during the travel of the carriage.

(c) Wherever possible, any other part of the carriage that may come into forcible contact with the user, or other persons, shall be suitably padded or protected.

5.2.4 Sensitive edges or sensitive surfaces:

(a) Sensitive edges or sensitive surfaces, conforming to clause 6.5.4, shall be provided in areas where there are potential shearing, crushing, trapping or abrading hazard[s].

(b) The carriage shall come to stop within a distance of 20 mm from the point of making first contact with the obstacle; there shall also be sufficient "follow-through" of the sensitive edge or surface to prevent injury.

(c) For the purpose of this clause, "follow-through" means the amount of additional free movement, normally associated with the operation of a sensitive edge or sensitive surface, provided in the actuation of an electrical switching device after the electrical contact has been opened.

(d) The following are examples of potentially dangerous places that require such protection lifts in the unguarded runways:

(i) any open space about, or within, the rails where parts of the carriage may pass,

(ii) any fixed abutments; e.g., at the rail terminations,

(iii) the edges or underside of the footrest or platform on any stairlift (types C and D),

(iv) any other part of the carriage that passes over the edges of stairs, rail fixing brackets, etc.

5.2.5 Safety devices:

(a) Each lift, except direct-plunger hydraulic lifts, shall be provided with a safety device which shall in the event of, slack rope or chain conditions, or the carriage descending at a rate exceeding 125% of the rated speed, interrupt the electrical power supply to the brake and motor (see clause 6.5.5) and grip the rails or by other means firmly bring the carriage, loaded with the rated load, to stop within the travelling distance of 50 mm and hold it stationary. Alternative devices are permissible provided they afford an equivalent degree of safety. After use, the safety device shall only be capable of release when the carriage is hoisted upwards.

(b) In case of the screw and nut type of drive, a "back-up nut" is permissible provided it affords an equivalent degree of safety to that specified in the foregoing paragraph (a). For the purpose of this clause the "back-up nut" means an internally threaded component, used in conjunction with a screw/drive, so arranged that it does not normally carry the load but is capable of doing so in the event of failure of the threads in the main driving nut.

(c) On a vertical platform lift type C, where the travel exceeds 2.5 m (a) above shall be actuated by an overspeed governor, which shall conform to clause 3.8 of CSA Standard B44.

5.2.6 Foldable components - conserving space (on stairlifts):

(a) If it is necessary to conserve space on a stairlift, the carriage, its components, the seats, arm rests, handgrips, foot-rest and guards, as appropriate, may be arranged to fold away when not in use.

(b) Where stairs are used as egress and the wheelchair platform type D is left in the horizontal position a buzzer shall sound after a pre-determined time until the platform is placed in the folded position.

(c) Stairlifts with folding or moveable components shall, by suitable interlocks be incapable of being started until the components have been correctly positioned and locked in their fully folded or unfolded position (see clause 6.5.6).

5.3 General requirements for all platform carriages

5.3.1 Construction:

(a) Vertical deflection of the platform, when the rated load is equally distributed on any 25 percent of the platform area, shall not exceed 5 mm per 1000 mm of the platform length.

(b) The surface of the platform shall be covered with non-skid material.

5.3.2 Platform guards (enclosure):

(a) Notwithstanding clauses 5.5.3 and 5.7.4 where there is any hazardous obstruction to type C vertical platform lift in 3.1.2(a) or 3.5.1(c) or for any other lift the requirements in clause 2.1.3(c) cannot be fulfilled, the platform guard on that side shall be full width, unperforated, and a minimum of 2000 mm above the platform surface, for a standing platform (clause 5.5) or a wheelchair-and-attendant platform (clause 5.7).

(b) The strength of the platform guard shall conform to clause 3.1.2(b).

5.3.3 Platform ceilings: if a platform is equipped with a ceiling it shall be either

(i) designed so that it can be removed, and clearly marked to indicate that no load can be sustained,

(ii) solid and capable of sustaining a load of 360 kg/m2 equally distributed or 45 kg at any point and in this case the top-of-car clearance shall be 600 mm and a stop switch shall be provided on top of the car.

5.4 Chair carriage

5.4.1 Two chairs: not more than two chairs may be attached to a carriage.

5.4.2 Construction: the chair on the carriage shall consist of a seat, backrest, armrests (or handgrips) on both of the seats and a footrest (or foot-supporting platform) so arranged to provide a safe support for the user.

5.4.3 Rotation of chair: if it is necessary to provide easier or safer access, the chair shall be capable of suitable movement, e.g., rotation, in which case, the design shall be such that the risk of injury is minimized.

5.4.4 Footrest location: subject to the nature of the disability of the user, when the chair is stationary at its normal position at the lower and upper landings (and any intermediate landing), the height of the surface of the footrest (or foot-supporting platform) above the floor shall not exceed 200 mm.

5.4.5 Safety belt: anchorage points for a safety belt or safety straps shall be provided.

5.5 Standing platform

5.5.1 Platform area: a standing platform shall have a platform area conforming to clause 2.5.1.

5.5.2 Handgrips: each standing platform shall be provided with hand-grips and supports for the user when travelling or when stepping on or off. The hand-grips shall be located 810 25 mm above the platform area.

5.5.3 Standing platform guard (enclosure): The standing platform guards shall, subject to clause 5.3.2(a), be at least 1070 mm high above the platform surface, bordering the platform on at least two non-access sides, and may be skeletal, except where the standing platform forms a part of type C stair or vertical-platform lift, the platform guard on the sides adjacent to the runway enclosure shall be of solid construction.

5.5.4 Standing platform barrier (or gate): each standing-platform, having the travel of more than 500 mm, shall be provided, on the lower landing side at least, with a barrier, located at 1070 mm above the platform surface, forming, in conjunction with non-access side guards a rigid support for user, unless a gate, in accordance with clause 5.7.4 is provided. The barrier shall, when in the open position, operate a safety contact conforming to clause 6.5.7. Where a standing platform forms a part of a vertical platform lift type C this requirement need not be fulfilled.

5.5.5 Standing platform clearances at landings:

(a) Subject to the nature of the disability of the user, when the platform is stationary at its normal position at any landing, the height of the platform surface above the floor shall not exceed 150 mm.

(b) Where a platform is designed to stop level with the floor of a landing, the requirements of clause 5.6.5(b) shall be fulfilled.

5.6 Wheelchair-platform

5.6.1 Wheelchair-platform area: a wheelchair-platform shall have a platform area conforming to clause 2.5.1.

5.6.2 User's safety: where a wheelchair-platform is installed on a stair-platform lift, provisions shall be made to permit the user sitting in the wheelchair to be safeguarded from falling off the wheelchair in the case of sudden stops of the platform (e.g., when the safety device is actuated).

5.6.3 Wheelchair-platform guards:

(a) Where a wheelchair-platform is installed on a stair-platform lift type D, the platform shall

(i) have, at least on one non-access side, a solid guard extended from the surface of the platform to the minimum height of 1070 mm. It is permissible for this side to be provided with the operating devices (see clause 6.2.3) and with hand-grips or handrails to afford stability for the user,

(ii) have solid guards minimum 100 mm high on non-access sides, other than the side referred to in (i).

(b) Where a wheelchair-platform is installed on a stair-platform lift type C or any vertical platform lift, the platform shall be guarded, on non-access sides, by a solid guard extending from the surface of the platform to the minimum height of 1070 mm (see also 5.3.2(a)).

5.6.4 Wheelchair-platform safety flaps:

(a) When a gate, conforming to clause 5.7.4, is not provided on a wheelchair-platform, the platform on its lower landing side shall be provided with a device which shall prevent roll-away of a wheelchair. An example of such device is a safety flap.

(b) The safety flap shall be solid, minimum 150 mm in height, covering full width of the platform. It may be automatically actuated by the movement of the platform from the lower landing and shall remain positively in the elevated position until the platform returns to the lower landing. It shall be operated by positive connection or provided with a safety contact (see clause 6.5.6) which will stop the movement of the platform within 150 mm of the lower landing if the flap has failed to raise to its elevated position. The flap must be capable of withstanding the impact of a wheelchair without permanent deformation.

5.6.5 Wheelchair-platform clearances at landings:

(a) When the wheelchair-platform is stationary at its bottom landing, either a shallow pit shall be provided, or a ramp at an inclination not greater than the following to avoid any step:

1:4 in a vertical rise up to 50 mm,

1:6 in a vertical rise up to 75 mm,

1:8 in a vertical rise up to 150 mm,

1:12 in a vertical rise over 150 mm.

(b) When the wheelchair-platform is stationary at a landing, the clearance between the landing edge and the adjacent platform edge shall not exceed 15 mm and the levelling tolerance shall be 12 mm, unless a bridging flap, conforming to clause 5.6.6, is provided to bridge the gap between the platform and landing that would prevent free movement of the wheelchair.

5.6.6 Ramps, flaps and hinged-edge stops:

(a) The ramps and/or flaps, required in clause 5.6.4, shall be radiused, shall not exceed a thickness of 15 mm, and are permitted by design to be raised out of the way whilst the lift is in motion.

(b) In all cases where hinged-edge stops or ramps or flaps are employed, a safety contact, conforming to clause 6.5.6, shall be incorporated to ensure that they are in their up positions before platform movement is able to be initiated, except as permitted in clause 5.6.4(b). The design of these devices shall ensure that only the edge or edges nearest to the landing at which the platform is stationary can be lowered.

5.6.7 Foldable seat: a foldable seat may be installed on a wheelchair-platform, and may be used by disabled persons, who do not normally ride in a wheelchair. The foldable seat shall comply with clause 5.6.2, and shall not obstruct normal use of the platform with a wheelchair or create any hazard.

5.7 Wheelchair-and-attendant platform

5.7.1 Wheelchair and attendant platform area: a wheelchair-and-attendant platform shall have a platform area sufficient to accommodate one person in a wheelchair and a standing attendant and, normally, the net area shall not exceed 2 m2.

5.7.2 User's safety: clause 5.6.2 shall apply.

5.7.3 Wheelchair and attendant platform guards: each wheelchair-and-attendant platform shall be guarded, on non-access sides, by a solid guard extended from the surface of the platform to the minimum height of 1070 mm. (See also clause 5.3.2(a)).

5.7.4 Platform gate (or barrier): where a wheelchair-and-attendant platform is installed on a stair-platform lift, or on a vertical platform lift type D, having travel of more than 500 mm, the platform shall be provided with a gate on the lower landing side, which shall be a minimum 1070 mm in height, solid, self-closing, provided with a lock and electrical contact or similar device, conforming to clause 3.2.5 and openable only when the platform is within 50 mm of the lower landing, except that for a platform forming a part of a type C - stair-platform lift, the gate may be substituted with a barrier conforming to clause 5.5.4 and a safety flap conforming to clause 5.6.4(b).

5.7.5 Wheelchair-and-attendant platform clearances at landings:

(a) Where the platform forms a part of a stair-platform lift, clause 5.6.5 shall apply.

(b) Where the platform forms a part of a type C vertical platform lift, clause 3.5.1 shall apply.

(c) Where the platform forms a part of a type D vertical platform lift, either clause 3.5.1 or 5.6.6 shall apply.

5.7.6 Handrails: each wheelchair-and-attendant platform shall be fitted with a handrail or a handgrip, which shall be at least 30 mm clear of the wall and located at a height of 810 mm 25 mm from the floor.

5.8 Special adaptations

5.8.1 If special adaptations or combinations of any of the foregoing construction requirements are proposed to cope with individual user circumstances, the safety features shall be equivalent to those specified in the related clauses above.

6 Electrical equipment

6.1 General

6.1.1 All electrical equipment and wiring shall conform to the requirement of Section 38 of CSA Standard C22.1, Canadian Electrical Code, Part 1, except that notwithstanding rule 30-014(1) flexible metal conduits or armoured cables are not limited in length, only if located so that there is no liability of damage to the sheath.

6.2 Operation and operating devices

6.2.1 Type of operation: operation of each lift shall be of the continuous-pressure type. For the purpose of this clause "continuous-pressure operation" means operation by means of operating devices located at the load-carrying unit and elsewhere used to control the movement of the load-carrying unit as long as the operating devices are manually maintained in the actuating position.

6.2.2 Operating devices: all operating devices used to control the movement of the load-carrying unit in accordance with clause 6.2.1 shall be of continuous-pressure type. Examples are push buttons or spring-biased toggle switches that positively return to the off-position when released.

6.2.3 Location of operating devices:

(a) Operating devices must be located at the load-carrying unit and be conveniently accessible to the user except where the load carrying unit and its user are, at any point of travel, in full view of the operator of a remote operating device; in which case, the load-carrying unit itself need not be fitted with an operating device.

(b) Operating devices may be located at any landing normally served by the lift.

(c) Operating devices located at landings must be in the vicinity of, and in full view of the lift entrance.

(d) Operating devices shall be mounted between 890 and 1320 mm above the adjacent floor level.

6.3 Alarm

6.3.1 Where required: each lift shall be provided with an audible alarm, unless the lift, while in operation, is permanently attended by a person who will not ride in the lift.

6.3.2 Actuation: the alarm shall be actuated by the emergency stop switch (see clause 6.5.2) which is located at the load-carrying unit or an additional alarm actuating device shall be provided at the load-carrying unit marked "ALARM" and located near the operating device and in conformance with the requirement in clause 6.2.3(d).

6.3.3 Emergency power: in the case of drive-unit power supply failure the alarm on a vertical platform lift type C shall remain operative.

6.4 Control and control equipment

6.4.1 Control circuits: no landing operating devices, except the emergency stop, shall override a load-carrying unit operating device while in operation.

6.4.2 Protection in the case of failure: the failure of any single, magnetically-operated switch, contactor containing metal-to-metal contacts, or relay, to release in the intended manner, or the occurrence of a single accidental ground, shall not prevent a lift from stopping in response to any electrical protective switch (per clause 6.5) nor permit the lift to start or run if any of the switches is actuated.

6.4.3 Controller:

(a) Contactors for reversing directions of travel shall be at least electrically interlocked.

(b) The controller shall be mounted within a metal cabinet which shall be kept locked, unless otherwise made inaccessible.

6.4.4 Normal terminal landing stopping devices: electrical switches or similar devices, directly operated by the movement of the carriage, shall be provided in order to stop the carriage positively and automatically at or near the terminal landings.

6.5 Electrical protective switches

6.5.1 General: the operation of a protective contact or switch shall occur by means of positive mechanical separation.

6.5.2 Emergency stop:

(a) There shall be [an] emergency stop push button or other suitable switch, red in colour, marked "stop", which shall, when operated, cause the power to be removed from the drive machine and brake.

(b) The emergency stopping device shall be located at the load-carrying unit adjacent to the operating device (see clause 6.2.3(a)). An additional emergency stopping device may be located at the landing operating devices.

6.5.3 Final terminal stopping devices:

(a) To isolate the motor, the brake and controller from the power supply in the event of overtravel of the carriage beyond its normal terminal stopping position, (see clause 6.4.4) a final terminal switch or a similar stopping device, directly operated by the movement of the carriage, shall be provided at each end of the travel, except that

(i) the lower final limit switch need not be provided in case of those drives where a slack rope or chain switch comes into operation and stops the carriage within 40 mm of the normal terminal landing stopping device (see clause 6.5.5),

(ii) the final terminal stopping device may be omitted where no hazard or undue wear is caused by continued operation of the drive until when the carriage is stopped by a mechanical limit (see clause 3.3.1).

(b) If a final terminal switch has been operated, it shall not be possible to restart the machine until the carriage has been correctly repositioned manually and the final limit switch reset.

6.5.4 Sensitive edge and sensitive surface switches: operation of a sensitive edge or surface by an obstruction (see clause 5.2.4) shall cause the supply to the motor to be interrupted and prevent it from producing any movement of the carriage towards the obstruction.

6.5.5 Slack belt, rope, chain, safety device and drum switches: operation of a slack belt switch (see clause 4.2.2(d)), or a drum or sheave switch (see clause 4.3.5) or slack rope or chain switch (see clause 5.2.5(a)), or safety device switch (see clause 5.2.5), shall cause the power supply to the motor and brake to be interrupted preventing any further movement of the carriage in either direction and necessitating the resetting of the device which has actuated the switch and reinstating of the supply to the controller.

6.5.6 Foldable components and hinged-edge stops: operation of the foldable components referred to in clause 5.2.6 or hinged-edge stops or ramps or flaps referred to in clauses 5.6.4 and 5.6.6 shall open the appropriate contacts to prevent the running of the motor in either direction. The particular components shall be returned to their correct travelling position before the motor is able to be started.

6.5.7 Door, gate and barrier contacts: landing door or gate contact (see clause 3.2.5) or platform gate contact (see clause 5.7.4), or platform barrier contact (see clause 5.5.4) shall prevent the operation of the driving unit in either direction while the particular door, or gate or barrier is in open position.

6.5.8 Door or gate interlock contacts: landing door or gate interlock contact (see clause 3.2.4) shall prevent the operation of the drive unit while the landing door or gate is not in locked [sic], except as permitted in clause 3.2.4(d).

6.5.9 Pit switch: each type C vertical-platform lift shall be equipped with a stop switch which is accessible from the lower entrance to the runway.

7 Signs and notices

7.1 Capacity signs: the maximum capacity and rated load (see clause 2.5.1), shall be displayed at each location of the operating device (see clause 6.2.3) and at the carriage.

7.2 Data plate: a data plate shall be provided and fastened to the drive unit stating the manufacturer's and installer's names, date manufactured, rated speed, size and type of suspension means.

7.3 Under-platform sign: under each platform there shall be the sign "No Work To Be Done Underneath This Platform Unless Shored and Power Source Disconnected".

7.4 Size of signs and notices: the signs and notices required by clauses 7.1 to 7.3 shall be clearly legible in contrasting lettering, or international symbols shall be used.

Schedule "A"

Type Capacity Width x
Length (mm) 		Max Area
(m² ) 		Minimum
Rate (kg)
Standing Platform 1 person 400 x 600 0.35 115
Wheelchair Platform 1 person on
chair and 1
attendant 		800 x 1600 2.00 250
Wheelchair
Platform
Type D 		Vertical

Inclined 		1 person
on chair 		800 x 1250

700 x 1100 		1.20 185
Wheelchair
Platform
Type C 		Vertical

Inclined 		1 person
on chair 		800 x 1250 1.20 185

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